Mechanical effects of acupuncture

Acupuncture, a physiotherapy, has been widely accepted all around the world. This study focuses on the influence of membrane structures and explains the acupuncture sensations from the aspect of mechanical properties. By mathematical modeling and numerical simulation, the scientific meaning of the acupuncture depth is investigated and phenomena and theory of acupuncture are discussed. The simulation results show that (a) the fascial structure is the main contributor to the force on the needle, the axial force will gradually increase before piercing the fascial, and suddenly decrease after piercing the fascial; (b) there is an inverse relationship between the needle radius and the maximum radial stress, which indicates that the needle should not be too sharp to cause local stress concentration and piece the fascia layer; and (c) the simulation results of comprehensively considering the static friction and sliding friction is identical with the experiment results. This study proposes a preliminary study of mechanical effects of acupuncture manipulation, clarifies key factors affecting the stress on the needle, and explains the objective requirement of acupuncture depth to effective treatment.     

Chirality and Magnetic Properties of One-dimensional Ln (Ln = Gd,Dy) Polymers

The usage of the achiral ligand, in lanthanide chemistry, successfully obtained two series of chiral lanthanide complexes, formulated d - and l -{Gd[IN][HIN][CH₂OCH₂O]}_n (abbreviated as Gd ) and d - and l -{Dy[IN][HIN][CH₂OCH₂O]}_n (abbreviated as Dy , HIN = isonicotinic acid). Crystallographic researches determined that four compounds are all one-dimensional (1D) chain structures and crystallized in a chiral space group. In addition, CH₂OHCH₂OH acts as not only solvent but also the bridge ligand. Besides, single crystal circular dichroism (CD) spectra conformed compounds Gd-_L and Gd-_D , Dy-_L and Dy-_D are enantiomers respectively. Magnetically, compound Gd showed predominant magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of 26.20 J · kg^–1 · K^–1 at 2.5 K for ΔH = 7 T, while there is ferromagnetic interactions in compound Dy .     

O-Alkyldithiophosphate Nickel Complexes with dcpf Ligand as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution

Six new O-alkyldithiophosphate nickel complexes with dcpf ligand, [(dcpf)Ni(S₂P{O}OR)] (dcpf = 1,1′-bis (dicyclohexylphosphino)ferrocene, R = CH₃ ( 1 ), CH₃CH₂ ( 2 ), Ph ( 3 ), 4-MeC₆H₄ ( 4 ), PhCH₂ ( 5 ) and PhCH₂CH₂ ( 6 )), have been synthesized by the treatment of dcpf with ((RO)₂PS₂)₂Ni in satisfactory yields. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopy (FTIR, UV–vis, ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR), thermogravimetric analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The nickel atom in 1 , 2 ·CH₂Cl₂, 3 ·CH₂Cl₂, 4 ·2CH₂Cl₂·THF, and 2( 5 )·hexane adopts a slightly distorted square-planar coordination environment finished by two phosphorus atoms of dcpf ligand and two sulfur atoms of O-alkyldithiophosphate ligand. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties for complexes 1 – 6 were also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. With the addition of 120 mM trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), the turnover frequency (TOF) values for 1 – 6 are estimated to be 1243.83, 1046.54, 1331.71, 2545.29, 1899.03, and 1191.37 s⁻¹, with the overpotential (η) values of 0.62, 0.58, 0.71, 0.67, 0.60, and 0.56 V, respectively. The result of electrochemical studies indicates that all complexes can be used as efficient molecular eletrocatalysts for the reduction of protons to hydrogen in the presence of TFA in MeCN.     

Differential Response of Pentanal and Hexanal Exhalation to Supplemental Oxygen and Mechanical Ventilation in Rats

High inspired oxygen during mechanical ventilation may influence the exhalation of the previously proposed breath biomarkers pentanal and hexanal, and additionally induce systemic inflammation. We therefore investigated the effect of various concentrations of inspired oxygen on pentanal and hexanal exhalation and serum interleukin concentrations in 30 Sprague Dawley rats mechanically ventilated with 30, 60, or 93% inspired oxygen for 12 h. Pentanal exhalation did not differ as a function of inspired oxygen but increased by an average of 0.4 (95%CI: 0.3; 0.5) ppb per hour, with concentrations doubling from 3.8 (IQR: 2.8; 5.1) ppb at baseline to 7.3 (IQR: 5.0; 10.8) ppb after 12 h. Hexanal exhalation was slightly higher at 93% of inspired oxygen with an average difference of 0.09 (95%CI: 0.002; 0.172) ppb compared to 30%. Serum IL-6 did not differ by inspired oxygen, whereas IL-10 at 60% and 93% of inspired oxygen was greater than with 30%. Both interleukins increased over 12 h of mechanical ventilation at all oxygen concentrations. Mechanical ventilation at high inspired oxygen promotes pulmonary lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammation. However, the response of pentanal and hexanal exhalation varies, with pentanal increasing by mechanical ventilation, whereas hexanal increases by high inspired oxygen concentrations.     

(Gd,Lu)3Al5O12∶Tb3+,Eu3+透明陶瓷制备与发光性能

通过简单的化学沉淀法制备了纳米前驱体,结合真空烧结工艺,制备了一系列镥稳定钆铝石榴石{(Gd, Lu)₃Al₅O₁₂∶Tb,Eu}透明陶瓷。将透明陶瓷加工成1 mm厚的圆片,对透明陶瓷样品进行了X射线衍射、光致发光、透过率和衰减时间等表征。高温烧结过后,陶瓷样品仍保持稳定的石榴石相。选定313 nm作为透明陶瓷的激发波长,可获得最强的荧光发射。此外,通过对不同样品进行紫外可见荧光测试,获得了由绿光到红光的可调节发射。在313 nm激发,543 nm和591 nm的监测波长下,透明陶瓷样品均具有Eu³⁺的毫秒级衰减时间。     

Ru、Rh、Pd掺杂GaSb的电子结构和光学性质

运用第一性原理计算方法研究了过渡族金属TM(TM=Ru、Rh、Pd)掺杂GaSb的电子结构和光学性质,结果表明:TM掺杂GaSb主要以TM替代Ga(TM @Ga)缺陷存在,并可增强GaSb半导体材料对红外光区光子的响应,使体系光学吸收谱的吸收边红移;TM@Ga所引入的杂质能级分布于零点费米能级附近,这极大地增强了体系的介电性能,促进了电子-空穴对的产生和迁移,因而提升了掺杂体系的光电转换效率;Ru 掺杂对GaSb光学性质的改善最为明显,当掺杂浓度为6.25%(原子数分数)且均匀掺杂时,Ru掺杂GaSb体系对红外光区光子的吸收幅度最大,有效提升了GaSb光电转换效率和光催化活性。     

Fe掺杂α-Bi2O3光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理杂化泛函HSE06方法对Fe掺杂α-Bi₂O₃的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算研究。结果表明,Fe掺杂α-Bi₂O₃体系有较小的结构变形,本征α-Bi₂O₃的禁带宽度为2.69 eV,Fe掺杂使α-Bi₂O₃的禁带宽度减小(约为2.34 eV)。对其光学性质研究得出Fe掺杂扩展了α-Bi₂O₃对可见光的吸收范围,即发生了红移,从而为Fe掺杂α-Bi₂O₃在光催化领域中的应用提供了理论依据。